Психологічні наслідки участі у бойових діях

Олена ЛАДИГІНА; В'ячеслав СМИРНОВ

doi:10.17721/BPSY.2025.1(21).8

Автор(и)

Олена ЛАДИГІНА Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка Автор https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6669-1118
В'ячеслав СМИРНОВ Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка Автор https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6100-6551

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17721/BPSY.2025.1(21).8

Ключові слова:

бойовий стрес, психологічне реагування, посттравматичні розлади

Анотація

Проаналізовано наукові публікації, присвячені особливостям психологічного реагування учасників бойових дій, короткотривалим і довгостроковим наслідкам впливу бойового стресу. Встановлено складний характер психологічних реакцій на стрес війни, що включають як негативні наслідки (моральні травми, посттравматичний стресовий розлад, депресія, тривога, аддиктивна поведінка), так і позитивні психологічні феномени (стресостійкість, резилієнс, посттравматичне зростання). Поширеність посттравматичного стресового розладу серед комбатантів складає близько 30 %, депресивних і тривожних розладів – близько 40 %, що визначає необхідність цілеспрямованих заходів з психологічної корекції та профілактики стрес-асоційованих розладів психіки в учасників бойових дій. Перспективними психологічними феноменами, що дозволяють протидіяти руйнівному впливу на психіку стресу участі в бойових діях, є стресостійкість, резилієнс і посттравматичне зростання, які можуть бути розвинені за допомогою психологічних тренінгів. Сучасні підходи до психологічної корекції несприятливих наслідків бойового стресу ґрунтуються на когнітивно-поведінкових підходах, психоосвіті та соціально-психологічній адаптації ветеранів. Обов'язковою умовою успішної реінтеграції учасників бойових дій є подолання стигматизації і формування сприятливого соціального середовища. Українським учасникам бойових дій притаманні певні психологічні особливості: поєднання високого ризику моральної травми внаслідок необхідності воювати на своїй території та численних воєнних злочинів російських окупантів, з почуттям місії, усвідомленням важливості своєї соціальної ролі як захисників України, та почуттям згуртованості і бойового братерства. Основні перспективи подальших досліджень пов'язані з поглибленим вивченням психологічних та психопатологічних реакцій на стрес під час участі у бойових діях та їхньому взаємозв'язку, а також з дослідженням протективних психологічних феноменів при бойовому стресі.

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